Zanotto, E. D. & Mauro, J. C. The glassy state of matter: its definition and ultimate fate. J. Non Cryst. Solids 471, 490–495 (2017).
Debenedetti, P. G. & Stillinger, F. H. Supercooled liquids and the glass transition. Nature 410, 259–267 (2001).
Shelby, J. E. Introduction to Glass Science and Technology (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005).
Yanagisawa, Y., Nan, Y., Okuro, K. & Aida, T. Mechanically robust, readily repairable polymers via tailored noncovalent cross-linking. Science 359, 72–76 (2018).
Wang, H. et al. Room-temperature autonomous self-healing glassy polymers with hyperbranched structure. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 11299–11305 (2020).
Huang, Z. et al. Highly compressible glass-like supramolecular polymer networks. Nat. Mater. 21, 103–109 (2022).
Zhang, Q. et al. Formation of a supramolecular polymeric adhesive via water-participant hydrogen bond formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 8058–8063 (2020).
Dong, S. et al. Structural water as an essential comonomer in supramolecular polymerization. Sci. Adv. 3, eaao0900 (2017).
Barrat, J. L., Baschnagel, J. & Lyulin, A. Molecular dynamics simulations of glassy polymers. Soft Matter 6, 3430–3446 (2010).
Colmenero, J. Are polymers standard glass-forming systems? the role of intramolecular barriers on the glass-transition phenomena of glass-forming polymers. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 27, 103101 (2015).
Balkenende, D. W. R., Monnier, C. A., Fiore, G. L. & Weder, C. Optically responsive supramolecular polymer glasses. Nat. Commun. 7, 1–9 (2016).
Lebel, O. & Soldera, A. in Advanced Materials (eds van de Ven, T. & Soldera, A.) 239–260 (De Gruyter, 2019).
Wuest, J. D. & Lebel, O. Anarchy in the solid state: structural dependence on glass-forming ability in triazine-based molecular glasses. Tetrahedron 65, 7393–7402 (2009).
Chaplin, M. Do we underestimate the importance of water in cell biology? Nat. Rev. 7, 861–866 (2006).
Hazra, P., Chakrabarty, D. & Sarkar, N. Intramolecular charge transfer and solvation dynamics of Coumarin 152 in aerosol-OT, water-solubilizing reverse micelles, and polar organic solvent solubilizing reverse micelles. Langmuir 18, 7872–7879 (2002).
Levin, A. et al. Biomimetic peptide self-assembly for functional materials. Nat. Rev. Chem. 4, 615–634 (2020).
Reches, M. & Gazit, E. Casting metal nanowires within discrete self-assembled peptide nanotubes. Science 300, 625–627 (2003).
Tao, K., Makam, P., Aizen, R. & Gazit, E. Self-assembling peptide semiconductors. Science 358, eaam9756 (2017).
Gilead, S. & Gazit, E. Self-organization of short peptide fragments: from amyloid fibrils to nanoscale supramolecular assemblies. Supramol. Chem. 17, 87–92 (2005).
Zhao, X. & Zhang, S. Designer self-assembling peptide materials. Macromol. Biosci. 7, 13–22 (2007).
Cui, H., Webber, M. J. & Stupp, S. I. Self‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles: from molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials. Pept. Sci. 94, 1–18 (2010).
Fleming, S. & Ulijn, R. V. Design of nanostructures based on aromatic peptide amphiphiles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 8150–8177 (2014).
Knowles, T. P. J., Oppenheim, T. W., Buell, A. K., Chirgadze, D. Y. & Welland, M. E. Nanostructured films from hierarchical self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 3–6 (2010).
Chung, C. W. et al. Label-free characterization of amyloids and alpha-synuclein polymorphs by exploiting their intrinsic fluorescence property. Anal. Chem. 13, 5367–5374 (2022).
Adler-Abramovich, L. et al. Bioinspired flexible and tough layered peptide crystals. Adv. Mater. 30, 1–6 (2018).
Adler-Abramovich, L. & Gazit, E. The physical properties of supramolecular peptide assemblies: From building block association to technological applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 6881–6893 (2014).
Lampel, A., Ulijn, R. V. & Tuttle, T. Guiding principles for peptide nanotechnology through directed discovery. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 3737–3758 (2018).
Ulijn, R. V. & Smith, A. M. Designing peptide based nanomaterials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 37, 664–675 (2008).
Kholkin, A., Amdursky, N., Bdikin, I., Gazit, E. & Rosenman, G. Strong piezoelectricity in bioinspired peptide nanotubes. ACS Nano 4, 610–614 (2010).
Yan, X. & Li, J. Self-assembly and application of diphenylalanine-based nanostructures. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 1877–1890 (2010).
Arnon, Z. A. et al. On-off transition and ultrafast decay of amino acid luminescence driven by modulation of supramolecular packing. iScience 24, 102695 (2021).
Ji, W. et al. Rigid tightly packed amino acid crystals as functional supramolecular materials. ACS Nano 13, 14477–14485 (2019).
Zhdanova, N. G. et al. Tyrosine fluorescence probing of the surfactant-induced conformational changes of albumin. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 14, 897–908 (2015).
Jang, H.-S. et al. Tyrosine-mediated two-dimensional peptide assembly and its role as a bio-inspired catalytic scaffold. Nat. Commun. 5, 3665 (2014).
Brillante, B. A. et al. Characterization of phase purity in organic semiconductors by lattice-phonon confocal Raman mapping: application to pentacene. Adv. Mater. 17, 2549–2553 (2005).
Xing, R., Yuan, C., Fan, W., Ren, X. & Yan, X. Biomolecular glass with amino acid and peptide nanoarchitectonics. Sci. Adv. 9, eadd8105 (2023).
Yokota, H., Sakata, H., Nishibori, M. & Kinosita, K. Ellipsometric study of polished glass surfaces. Surf. Sci. 16, 265–274 (1969).
Jeener, J., Meier, B. H., Bachmann, P. & Ernst, R. R. Investigation of exchange processes by two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 71, 4546–4553 (1979).
Hibbert, F. & Emsley, J. Hydrogen bonding and chemical reactivity. Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 26, 255–379 (1990).
Davis, J. H., Jeffrey, K. R., Bloom, M., Valic, M. I. & Higgs, T. P. Quadrupolar echo deuteron magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ordered hydrocarbon chains. Chem. Phys. Lett. 42, 390–394 (1976).
Larsen, F. H. in Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy Vol. 71 (ed. Webb, G. A.) 103–137 (Elsevier, 2010).
Hernández, B., Coïc, Y., Pflüger, F., Kruglik, G. & Ghomi, M. All characteristic Raman markers of tyrosine and tyrosinate originate from phenol ring fundamental vibrations. J. Raman Spectrosc. 47, 210–220 (2016).
Ihli, J. et al. Mechanical adaptation of brachiopod shells via hydration-induced structural changes. Nat. Commun. 12, 5383 (2021).
Ge, H. et al. Fracture behavior of colloidal polymer particles in fast-frozen suspensions viewed by cryo-SEM. Macromolecules 39, 5531–5539 (2006).
Desloir, M., Benoit, C., Bendaoud, A., Alcouffe, P. & Carrot, C. Plasticization of poly(vinyl butyral) by water: glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 136, 47230 (2019).
Kilburn, D. et al. Water in glassy carbohydrates: opening it up at the nanolevel. Phys. Chem. 33, 12436–12441 (2004).
Flores, A., Ania, F. & Baltá-Calleja, F. J. From the glassy state to ordered polymer structures: A microhardness study. Polymer 50, 729–746 (2009).
Wang, Q., Chen, H., Wang, Y. & Sun, J. Thermal shock effect on the glass thermal stress response and crack propagation. Procedia Eng. 62, 717–724 (2013).
Frankberg, E. J. et al. Highly ductile amorphous oxide at room temperature and high strain rate. Science 366, 864–869 (2019).
Delaglio, F. et al. NMRPipe: A multidimensional spectral processing system based on UNIX pipes. J. Biomol. NMR 6, 277–293 (1995).
Lee, W., Tonelli, M. & Markley, J. L. NMRFAM-SPARKY: enhanced software for biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. Bioinformatics 31, 1325–1327 (2015).